Model 01
Underground or self-administered
Common price range: Pricing may be lower than organized programs or may be unclear altogether. Costs can be fragmented across substances, lodging, travel, or informal support.
Usually included or excluded: Arrangements vary substantially. Formal intake, accommodation, transportation, monitoring, follow-up, and written policies may be absent or undefined.
Monitoring and red flags: Lack of cardiac screening, no documented emergency protocol, unclear staff roles, and no verifiable plan for complications are serious gaps. These arrangements may be encountered in private settings rather than a defined facility.